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- <text id=93CT1603>
- <title>
- Barbados--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
- Caribbean
- Barbados
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> British sailors who landed on Barbados at the site of
- present-day Holetown in 1624 or 1625 found it uninhabited.
- Arawak Indians may have been native to the island but later
- annihilated by marauding Caribs. From the arrival of the first
- British settlers in 1627-28 until independence in 1966, Barbados
- was under uninterrupted British control. Its House of Assembly,
- which began meeting in 1639, is the third oldest legislative
- body in the western hemisphere-preceded only by Bermuda's
- legislature and the Virginia House of Burgesses.
- </p>
- <p> As the sugar industry developed into the main commercial
- enterprise, Barbados was divided into large plantation
- estates. Slaves were brought from Africa to work on these
- plantations until slavery was abolished throughout the British
- Empire in 1834.
- </p>
- <p> Local politics were dominated by a small group of British
- plantation owners arid tradesmen. It was not until the 1930s
- that a movement for political rights was begun by the
- descendants of the emancipated slaves. One of the leaders of
- this movement, Sir Grantley Adams, founded the Barbados Labour
- Party in 1938.
- </p>
- <p> Progress toward more democratic government for Barbados was
- made in 1951 when universal adult suffrage was introduced. This
- was followed by steps toward increased self-government, and in
- 1961 Barbados achieved internal autonomy.
- </p>
- <p> From 1958 to 1962, Barbados was one of 10 members of the
- West Indies Federation, and Sir Grantley Adams served as the
- first and only prime minister of the federation. When the
- federation was terminated, Barbados reverted to its former
- status as a self-governing colony. Following several attempts
- to form another federation composed of Barbados and the Lee-ward
- and Windward Islands, Barbados negotiated its own independence
- at a constitutional conference with the United Kingdom in June
- 1966. After years of peaceful and democratic progress, Barbados
- attained self-rule on November 30, 1966.
- </p>
- <p>Political Conditions
- </p>
- <p> By its constitution, Barbados is a parliamentary democracy
- modeled on the British system. The governor general,
- representing the British monarch, exercises protocol functions.
- The general direction and control of the government rests with
- the cabinet, consisting of the prime minister and other
- ministers, who are collectively responsible to the parliament.
- </p>
- <p> The bicameral parliament consists of the House of Assembly
- arid the Senate. The 27 members of the House are elected by
- universal suffrage to 5-year terms. However, elections may be
- called by the governing party at any time it wishes to dissolve
- parliament and seek a new mandate. It is also customary to call
- for elections if the government receives a vote of no confidence
- in the parliament. The Senate's 21 members are appointed by the
- governor general--12 with the advice of the prime minister,
- 2 with the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 7 at the
- governor general's discretion.
- </p>
- <p> Until early 1989, the two main political parties were the
- Barbados Labour Party (BLP) and the Democratic Labour Party
- (DLP). The BLP was formed in 1938 by Sir Grantley Adams and the
- DLP in 1955 by a group of BLP dissidents. The DLP won the 1961
- election, and its leader, Errol Barrow, became premier. In
- November 1966, the DLP won its second election and a mandate to
- lead Barbados into independence. On November 30, 1966, Barbados
- was declared formally independent, and Errol Barrow became its
- first prime minister. He was reelected for a third term in 1971,
- when his party won 18 of the 24 seats in the House of Assembly.
- In 1976, the government changed hands when the BLP won 17 seats
- and J.M.G. "Tom" Adams became prime minister. Adams won
- reelection as prime minister in June 1981. Adams died in office
- on March 11, 1985, and was succeeded by Deputy Prime Minister
- Bernard St. John. In the 1986 elections, the DLP won 24 of the
- 27 seats, and Errol Barrow became prime minister again. Upon
- Barrow's death in 1987, Erskine Sandiford assumed office. In
- early 1989, former DLP Minister of Finance Dr. Richard Haynes
- resigned from the governing party and, along with three other
- DLP parliamentarians, formed the new National Democratic Party
- (NDP). By virtue of his four seats, he replaced BLP leader Henry
- Forde as the official leader of the opposition.
- </p>
- <p> All three parties are moderate. The DLP is closely allied
- with the island's principal labor union, the Barbados Workers'
- Union. The major parties differ not so much on basic objectives
- as on means. Electoral contests and political disputes often
- have personal overtones. The major political problems facing
- Barbados today are maintaining economic growth, coping with
- unemployment, maintaining a healthy balance of payments,
- encouraging agricultural diversification, attracting small
- industry, and achieving a balance among tourism, agriculture,
- and small industry.
- </p>
- <p> The highest court is the Supreme Court. The chief justice of
- the court is appointed by the governor general on the
- recommendation of the prime minister.
- </p>
- <p> The island is divided into Il parishes and the city of
- Bridgetown. No local government exists, and all these divisions
- are administered by the central government.
- </p>
- <p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
- May 1990.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-